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soldering

    SOLDERING
                    
                        Soldering is a jointing process used to join different types Electrical or Electronic component together, also metal. 
                    Soldering differs from other metal bonding approaches such as brazing or welding in both the temperatures used to create the bond and the resulting strength of the bond. The generally accepted definition of soldering given by the Welding Society is that soldering takes place at temperatures below (450oC). Higher temperature bonding processes produce stronger bonds that are not subject to stress-induced creep.

How does it work?

Solder is melted by using heat from an iron connected to a temperature controller. It is heated up to temperatures beyond its melting point at around 450 degrees fahrenheit which then causes it to melt, which then cools creating the soldered joint.

As well as creating strong electrical joints solder can also be removed using a desoldering tool.

Solder is a metal alloy used to create strong permanent bonds; such as copper joining in circuit boards and copper pipe joints. It can also be supplied in two different types and diameters, lead and lead free and also can be between .032" and .062". Inside the solder core is the flux, a material used to strengthen and improve its mechanical properties.


Types of Soldering

There are three types of soldering which use increasingly higher temperatures, which in turn produce progressively stronger joints:

  • Soft soldering (90 °C - 450 °C) - This process has the lowest filler metal melting point of all the soldering types at less than around 400°C these filler metals are usually alloys, often containing lead with liquidus temperatures under 350°C. Because of the low temperatures used in soft soldering it thermally stresses components the least but does not make strong joints and is then therefore unsuitable for mechanical load-bearing applications. It is also not suited for high temperature use as this type of solder loses strength and melts.
  • Hard (silver) soldering (>450 °C) – Brass or silver is the bonding metal used in this process, and requires a blowtorch to achieve the temperatures at which the solder metals.
  • Brazing (>450 °C) – This type of soldering uses a metal with a much higher melting point than those used in hard and soft soldering. However, similarly to hard soldering, the metal being bonded is heated as opposed to being melted. Once both the materials are heated sufficiently, you can then place the soldering metal between them which melts and acts as a bonding agent.

What metal used In solder?
                                                     
                              Solder is basically metal wire with a "low" melting point, where low for our purposes means low enough to be melted with a soldering iron. For electronics, it is traditionally a mix of tin and lead. Tin has a lower melting point than Lead, so more Tin means a lower melting point.

              Soldering tools and safety tools

1. Soldering iron

2. Soldering wire

3. Wire cutter

4. Solder sucker

5. Solder wick

6. Treezers

7. USB microscope

8. Wet sponge


9. Soldering stand

10. Safety glasses

11. Hand gloves

12. Mask

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