Introduction
A Water Level Indicator may be defined as a system by which we can get the information of any water reservoir. Water level indicator system is quite useful to reduce the wastage of water from any reservoir, while filling such reservoir.
Water is most essential thing on earth .Safe drinking water is essential to human and other life forms even though it provides no calories or organic nutriants.
The total amount of water available on Earth has been estimated at 1.4 billion cubic kilometers, enough to cover the planet with a layer of about 3 km. About 95% of the Earth's water is in the oceans, which is unfit for human consumption. About 4% is locked in the polar ice caps, and the rest 1% constitutes all fresh water found in rivers, streams and lakes which is suitable for our consumption.
A study estimated that a person in India consumes an average of 135 litres per day. This consumption would rise by 40% by the year 2025. This signifies the need to preserve our fresh water resources.
The operation of this project is very simple and can be understood easily. In our project “water level indicator” there are 3 main conditions:
1. There is no water available in the source tank.
2.Intermediate level i.e. either of 3rd to 7th level.
3. There is ample amount of water available in the source tank. So let us discuss on the more about these 3 conditions.
CONDITION 1: Water not available
When the tank is empty there is no conductive path between any of the 8 indicating probes and the common probe (which is connected to 5v+ supply) so the transistor base emitter region will not have sufficient biasing voltage hence it remains in cut off region and the output across its collector will be Vc approximately 4.2v. As in this case the microcontroller is used in the active low region (which means it considers 0-2 volts for HIGH and 3-5 volts for LOW) now the output of transistor which is 4.2v approximately will be considered as LOW by the microcontroller and hence the default value given by microcontroller to the seven segment display is 1 which indicates as the tank is empty.
CONDITION 2: Intermediate levels
Now as the water starts filling in the tank a conductive path is established between the sensing probes and the common probe and the corresponding transistors get sufficient biasing at their base, they starts conducting and now the outputs will be Vce (i.e. 1.2v-1.8v) approximately which is given to microcontroller. Here the microcontroller is programmed as a priority encoder which detects the highest priority input and displays corresponding water level in the seven segment display. In this project while the water level reaches the 7th level i.e. last but one level along with display in seven segment a discontinuous buzzer is activated which warns user that tank is going to be full soon.
CONDITION 3: Water full
When the tank becomes full, the top level probe gets the conductive path through water and the corresponding transistor gets into conduction whose output given to microcontroller with this input microcontroller not only displays the level in seven segment display but also activates the continuous buzzer by which user can understand that tank is full and can switch off the motor and save water.
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